Earthquake Swarm S20200212.1: A Detailed Examination of Seismic Activity Near Searles Valley, California
An earthquake swarm designated S20200212.1 was recorded 15 km southwest of Searles Valley, California. The sequence began at 04:03 on 11 February 2020 and concluded at 21:30 on 28 September 2020, spanning 5537 hours and 27 minutes. During this period, 4310 earthquakes were detected, providing valuable data on regional seismicity within the Mojave Desert.
The Searles Valley area lies in the Eastern California Shear Zone, a network of active faults that accommodates approximately 20-25% of the Pacific-North American plate boundary motion. This tectonic setting features right-lateral strike-slip faults and contributes to the region's elevated seismic hazard. Nearby structures include segments of the Garlock Fault, which bounds the southern Sierra Nevada and has produced significant historical ruptures. The local geology comprises Quaternary lake deposits from ancient Searles Lake, underlain by Precambrian basement rocks and Tertiary volcanic units, creating conditions conducive to both tectonic and induced seismicity.
Seismic swarms have been recurrent in this locale. Since 1 January 2000, 84 swarms have occurred. Yearly counts include five in 2000, four in 2001, one in 2002, seven in 2004, one in 2005, five in 2006, one in 2009, seven in 2010, one in 2011, four in 2012, four in 2013, one in 2014, three in 2015, four in 2016, two in 2017, one in 2018, 29 in 2019, and four in 2020. These events reflect persistent strain accumulation and release along distributed faults.
Analysis of the first events in swarm S20200212.1 reveals predominantly low-magnitude activity. On 11 February 2020, recorded magnitudes ranged from -0.4 to 1.7, with focal depths between 5 and 11 km. Subsequent events through 14 February maintained similar characteristics, with magnitudes mostly below 1.8 and depths clustered around 3 to 12 km. The initial 80-plus events exhibited a mix of positive and negative magnitudes, indicating microseismicity typical of swarm sequences driven by fluid migration or aseismic slip rather than a single large mainshock.
This swarm occurred in the aftermath of the 2019 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence, which included magnitude 6.4 and 7.1 events located nearby. The prolonged duration and high event count of S20200212.1 suggest it represents continued post-seismic relaxation within the same fault network. Depths consistently in the upper crust align with the brittle-ductile transition zone in this arid, tectonically active region.
Overall, the data underscore the value of dense seismic monitoring for understanding swarm dynamics in the Eastern California Shear Zone. Continued observation remains essential for assessing evolving hazards in this portion of the Mojave Desert.
References
USGS Earthquake Catalog
California Geological Survey Fault Database
SeismoSight internal swarm classification records