Seismic Swarm S20020222.1: Analysis of Activity Near Delta, Baja California
Seismic swarm S20020222.1 occurred in a tectonically active region 12 km west of Delta, Baja California, Mexico. This area lies within the Salton Trough, a rift zone marking the transition between the Pacific and North American plates. The local geology features strike-slip faults and geothermal systems, including the nearby Cerro Prieto field, where fluid migration often influences seismicity. Shallow crustal depths predominate due to the extensional regime and high heat flow.
The swarm began at 19:32 on 22 February 2002 and concluded at 15:18 on 1 March 2002, spanning 163 hours and 45 minutes. A total of 453 earthquakes were recorded. The sequence initiated with a magnitude 5.7 event at 7 km depth, followed rapidly by smaller events. Analysis of the first 100 events reveals a mainshock-aftershock pattern with magnitudes mostly between 1.8 and 3.5. Depths clustered at 6–7 km, with isolated occurrences at 15 km and 1 km, indicating primarily shallow brittle failure.
Temporal distribution shows intense activity in the first hours, with events every few minutes initially, gradually decreasing. Magnitudes declined after the initial shock, consistent with typical swarm decay. Several events reached 3.0–3.5, but none exceeded the mainshock. Depths remained stable around 7 km for most events, suggesting a consistent source volume.
Historically, the region has experienced limited swarms since 2000, with only one prior swarm recorded in 2000. A notable strong earthquake, the magnitude 7.2 Sierra El Mayor event of 4 April 2010, occurred just 7 km from the swarm center, highlighting ongoing seismic hazard in the area.
This swarm provides insight into localized stress release along regional faults. The shallow depths and rapid succession of events align with fluid-assisted triggering common in geothermal zones. No surface rupture was associated, and activity remained confined to a small area.
References
SeismoSight internal swarm classification records
USGS earthquake catalog for regional tectonics and 2010 event details