Seismic Swarm VS20240211.1: Analysis of Activity Near Calipatria, California
A seismic swarm designated VS20240211.1 occurred 13 km west-northwest of Calipatria in Imperial County, California. The sequence began at 04:20 UTC on 10 February 2024 and concluded at 01:58 UTC on 12 February 2024, spanning 45 hours and 38 minutes. During this period, 26 earthquakes were recorded.
The events ranged in magnitude from 0.8 to 2.9, with the majority occurring at shallow depths between 2 and 11 km. Notable larger events included a magnitude 2.9 earthquake at 10 km depth on 11 February at 01:11 UTC, followed closely by a magnitude 2.8 event at 11 km depth. Additional events of magnitude 2.0 or greater occurred at 01:48, 02:05, and 02:32 UTC on 11 February, all at depths of 3 km. The swarm exhibited a typical pattern of clustered, low-to-moderate magnitude activity without a dominant mainshock.
This region lies within the Imperial Valley portion of the Salton Trough, a tectonically active pull-apart basin formed by the interaction between the Pacific and North American plates. The area is influenced by the southern San Andreas Fault system, the Imperial Fault, and the Brawley Seismic Zone, where right-lateral strike-slip motion combines with extensional features. Geothermal activity and fluid migration associated with the nearby Salton Sea further contribute to elevated seismicity. Earthquake swarms are common here due to these geological conditions, often linked to episodic aseismic slip and hydrothermal processes rather than traditional foreshock-mainshock-aftershock sequences.
Historical records indicate persistent swarm activity in the Imperial Valley since at least 2000, with a total of 100 swarms documented through 2023. Annual counts have varied, peaking in years such as 2010 and 2013 with 13 swarms each. These episodes underscore the ongoing tectonic strain accumulation along regional faults.
The VS20240211.1 swarm aligns with established patterns in the Brawley Seismic Zone, where shallow crustal events predominate. Depths mostly under 11 km suggest activity within the brittle upper crust, consistent with the area's high heat flow and fault segmentation. No damage or felt reports beyond minor shaking were associated with this sequence, reflecting the modest magnitudes involved.
References
- United States Geological Survey Earthquake Catalog
- California Geological Survey Regional Fault Maps
- SeismoSight Internal Swarm Classification Database