Seismic Swarm S20190326.2: Activity Near West Yellowstone, Montana
Seismic swarm S20190326.2 was recorded on 26 March 2019, approximately 25 km east-northeast of West Yellowstone, Montana. The sequence began at 00:44 UTC and concluded at 21:08 UTC, encompassing a total duration of 20 hours and 23 minutes. During this period, 29 earthquakes were detected, with magnitudes ranging from 0.1 to 1.9 and focal depths between 2 km and 12 km.
The events clustered in two primary phases. An initial group occurred between 00:44 and 04:55 UTC, featuring magnitudes up to 1.8 at depths around 9 km. A more sustained phase followed from 09:01 to 21:08 UTC, including the swarm's largest event of magnitude 1.9 at 09:27 UTC and several events near 2 km depth. Depths showed a general concentration in the upper 10 km of the crust, consistent with shallow crustal processes.
This swarm fits within a broader pattern of seismic activity in the region. Historical records indicate 74 swarms have occurred since 1 January 2000, with notable yearly counts including 10 in 2000, 7 each in 2008, 2013, and 2014, and lower activity in intervening years such as single swarms in 2005, 2010, 2011, and 2016.
The location lies within the Yellowstone volcanic field, a tectonically active area influenced by the underlying mantle hotspot. The region features a large caldera formed by massive eruptions over the past 2 million years, with ongoing hydrothermal systems and ground deformation driven by magmatic and hydrothermal fluids. Earthquake swarms here commonly arise from fluid migration along fractures rather than large tectonic stress release, reflecting the interplay between volcanic and regional extensional tectonics associated with the Basin and Range province.
Seismic monitoring in this zone benefits from dense networks that track both swarms and background seismicity, providing insights into subsurface dynamics. Such events contribute to understanding long-term volcanic unrest without indicating imminent eruptive activity.
References
- U.S. Geological Survey Earthquake Catalog
- Yellowstone Volcano Observatory reports on regional seismicity