Seismic Swarm S20040717.1 Near Hebgen Lake Estates, Montana
A seismic swarm designated S20040717.1 occurred 0 km ENE of Hebgen Lake Estates, Montana, registering 38 earthquakes over approximately 40 hours. The sequence began at 21:36 on 16 July 2004 and concluded at 13:36 on 18 July 2004. Magnitudes ranged from -0.8 to 2.2, with the majority of events below magnitude 1.0. Depths clustered primarily between 8 and 13 km, though isolated events extended from 2 km to 17 km, consistent with shallow crustal seismicity in the region.
The swarm exhibited typical characteristics of clustered microseismicity, featuring several low-magnitude events in rapid succession during peak activity on 16 and 17 July. Notable events included a magnitude 2.2 earthquake at 20:49 on 17 July at 11 km depth and multiple magnitude 1.6 events at similar depths. Activity tapered significantly by the morning of 18 July, with the final recorded event at magnitude 0.3.
Hebgen Lake lies within the Intermountain Seismic Belt, a zone of active extensional tectonics influenced by the Yellowstone hotspot. The local geology features Quaternary fault scarps and basin-and-range structures, with the Hebgen Lake fault system accommodating regional strain. Historical large-magnitude events, such as the 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake of magnitude 7.3, underscore the area's capacity for significant seismic release, though swarms like this one represent lower-energy, non-destructive sequences.
Since 1 January 2000, 18 swarms have been documented in the vicinity. Yearly distribution includes five swarms in 2000, four in 2001, five in 2002, three in 2003, and one in 2004 up to the time of this event. These recurrent swarms reflect ongoing tectonic adjustment and fluid migration within the crust, common in hotspot-adjacent settings.
This swarm provides additional data on the frequency and style of background seismicity that characterizes the Hebgen Lake area, contributing to improved understanding of strain accumulation along nearby faults.
References
SeismoSight internal swarm classification records.
U.S. Geological Survey earthquake catalog for Hebgen Lake region.
Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology regional tectonic summaries.