Seismic Swarm S20210819.1: Analysis of Activity Near Westmorland, California
A seismic swarm designated S20210819.1 was recorded 27 km west-southwest of Westmorland, California, in the Imperial Valley. The sequence began at 18:00 UTC on 18 August 2021 and concluded at 18:37 UTC on 20 August 2021, spanning 48 hours and 36 minutes. During this period, 37 earthquakes were registered, with magnitudes ranging from 1.2 to 3.9 and focal depths between 1 km and 11 km.
The swarm exhibited typical characteristics of clustered seismicity in the region, featuring an initial burst of events on 18 August followed by sustained activity through 19 August and a final event on 20 August. Notable events included a magnitude 3.9 earthquake at 21:45 UTC on 18 August at 7 km depth and a magnitude 3.8 event minutes later at 3 km depth. Subsequent activity remained below magnitude 3.0, with many events clustered between 3 km and 7 km depth.
The Imperial Valley lies within the Salton Trough, a tectonically active pull-apart basin formed by the interaction of the Pacific and North American plates along the San Andreas Fault system. This setting includes the Brawley Seismic Zone and the Imperial Fault, where right-lateral strike-slip motion dominates. High heat flow from underlying magmatic intrusions and geothermal activity contributes to fluid-driven seismicity, a common mechanism for earthquake swarms in the area. Depths recorded in this swarm align with the shallow brittle crust typical of the region, generally less than 15 km.
Historical records since 2000 indicate 14 prior swarms in the vicinity, occurring in 2006 (two events), 2008 (two), 2009 (three), 2010 (two), 2012 (one), 2013 (two), 2018 (one), and 2020 (one). These sequences reflect the area's recurrent swarm behavior, often linked to aseismic slip and pore-pressure changes rather than mainshock-aftershock patterns.
Such swarms provide insight into local stress regimes and fault interactions without necessarily indicating imminent larger earthquakes. Monitoring continues through regional networks to track any evolution in activity.
References
United States Geological Survey Earthquake Catalog California Geological Survey Regional Fault Maps Southern California Seismic Network Reports