Seismic Analysis of Swarm S20130922.1 Near Anza, California
The earthquake swarm designated S20130922.1 occurred in the region 12 km south-southeast of Anza, California. It initiated at 17:54 UTC on 21 September 2013 and concluded at 04:21 UTC on 30 September 2013, spanning 202 hours and 26 minutes. During this interval, 91 earthquakes were recorded, with magnitudes ranging from 0.0 to 3.4 and focal depths primarily between 4 km and 14 km.
Swarm Characteristics
The sequence began with low-magnitude events clustered at depths around 8 km. Early activity included events of magnitude 1.5 and 1.3 within the first hour. A notable escalation occurred on 22 September, featuring a magnitude 3.4 earthquake at 13:10 UTC at 12 km depth, followed by numerous aftershocks between 11 km and 12 km. Subsequent days showed continued but diminishing activity, with events such as the magnitude 2.4 on 26 September at 7 km depth. The swarm exhibited typical characteristics of clustered seismicity without a dominant mainshock-aftershock pattern, instead displaying episodic bursts concentrated in the first three days.
Geological Setting
Anza lies within the central San Jacinto Fault Zone, a major right-lateral strike-slip system in southern California. This zone forms part of the broader Pacific-North American plate boundary and accommodates a significant portion of regional dextral shear. The fault zone here comprises multiple strands, including the Clark and Coyote Creek faults, with complex geometry that promotes both large earthquakes and swarm activity. Seismicity is driven by ongoing tectonic loading, with the region experiencing frequent small events due to its proximity to the San Andreas Fault system approximately 50 km to the northeast. Depths recorded in the swarm align with the seismogenic zone in this area, typically extending from 5 km to 15 km.
Historical Context
Earthquake swarms have been recurrent in the Anza region. Since 1 January 2000, 23 swarms have been documented, distributed across multiple years: one in 2001, two each in 2002, 2003, 2005, and 2009, five in 2010, four in 2011, three in 2012, and two in 2013. This pattern underscores the persistent seismic productivity of the San Jacinto Fault Zone, where swarms often occur along fault segments with heterogeneous stress distribution.
Insights from Event Data
Temporal analysis reveals peak activity on 22 September, accounting for over 25 events within hours of the largest shock. Depths remained stable around 8–12 km for most events, suggesting a consistent rupture plane. Magnitude distribution followed a typical Gutenberg-Richter relationship, with smaller events dominating after the initial cluster. The overall low energy release indicates swarm behavior driven by fluid migration or aseismic slip rather than a single large rupture.
References
- United States Geological Survey Earthquake Catalog
- Southern California Seismic Network reports
- SeismoSight internal swarm classification database