Seismic Swarm PS20210419.1: Analysis of Activity off San Antonio, Chile
A seismic swarm designated PS20210419.1 occurred 81 km west-southwest of San Antonio, Chile, from 03:18 to 13:31 on 19 April 2021. Within 10 hours and 12 minutes, five earthquakes were recorded. The events registered magnitudes between 4.2 and 5.2 at depths ranging from 3 km to 12 km.
The sequence began with a magnitude 5.1 event at 03:18:57 (12 km depth), followed by a magnitude 5.2 at 04:11:26 (8 km depth). Subsequent shocks included a magnitude 5.1 at 11:13:28 (10 km depth), a magnitude 5.0 at 13:05:26 (10 km depth), and a magnitude 4.2 at 13:31:05 (3 km depth). These closely spaced occurrences in both time and location characterize the swarm as a cluster of moderate seismic activity without a single dominant mainshock.
The region lies along the convergent boundary where the Nazca Plate subducts beneath the South American Plate at rates of approximately 6–7 cm per year. This tectonic setting produces frequent seismicity along the Peru-Chile Trench. The swarm location corresponds to the offshore segment of the subduction zone near the transition between the Maule and Valparaíso segments, areas known for both interplate thrust events and intraslab activity.
Historical records since 2000 indicate 17 prior swarms in the vicinity, distributed across 2001 (1 swarm), 2008 (1), 2010 (9), 2011 (1), 2014 (1), 2015 (1), and 2017 (3). A magnitude 7.0 earthquake on 11 March 2010, located 52 km northwest of Santa Cruz and approximately 65 km from the swarm center, represents one of the stronger events in the broader area during this period. Such swarms are common expressions of stress release in the subduction interface and overlying crust.
The 19 April 2021 swarm reflects ongoing tectonic adjustment in a highly active margin. Depths between 3 km and 12 km suggest involvement of both shallow crustal faults and the upper portion of the subducting slab. No damage or tsunami generation was associated with these moderate-magnitude events.
References
SeismoSight internal swarm classification PS20210419.1
USGS Earthquake Catalog (regional tectonics and historical events)
Global CMT Project (plate boundary parameters)